Credits : Androidauthority

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Credits : Hub.packtpub

Joe Watkins, a PHP developer, shared that PHP 8 will support the Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation. This decision was the result of voting among the PHP core developers for supporting JIT in PHP 8 and also in PHP 7.4 as an experimental feature.

If you don’t know what JIT is, it is a compiling strategy in which a program is compiled on the fly into a form that’s usually faster, typically the host CPU’s native instruction set. To do this the JIT compiler has access to dynamic runtime information whereas a standard compiler doesn’t.

How PHP programs are compiled?

PHP comes with a virtual machine named the Zend VM. The human-readable scripts are compiled into instructions, which are called opcodes that are understandable to the virtual machine. Opcodes are low-level, and hence faster to translate to machine code as compared to the original PHP code. This stage of execution is called compile time. These opcodes are then executed by the Zend VM in the runtime stage.

JIT is being implemented as an almost independent part of OPcache, an extension to cache the opcodes so that compilation happens only when it is required. In PHP, JIT will treat the instructions generated for the Zend VM as the intermediate representation. It will then generate an architecture dependent machine code so that the host of your code is no longer the Zend VM, but the CPU directly.

Why JIT is introduced in PHP?

PHP hits the brick wall

Many improvements have been done to PHP since its 7.0 version including optimizations for HashTable, specializations in the Zend VM for certain opcodes, specializations in the compiler for certain sequences, and many more. After so many improvements, now PHP has reached the extent of its ability to be improved any further.

PHP for non-Web scenarios

Adding support for JIT in PHP will allow its use in scenarios for which it is not even considered today, i.e., in other non-web, CPU-intensive scenarios, where the performance benefits will be very substantial.

Faster innovation and more secure implementations

With JIT support, the team will be able to develop built-in functions in PHP instead of C without any huge performance penalty. This will make PHP less susceptible to memory management, overflows, and other similar issues associated with C-based development.

We can expect the release of PHP 7.4 later this year, which will debut JIT in PHP.  Though there is no official announcement about the release schedule of PHP 8, many are speculating its release in late 2021.

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Credits : mysanantonio

To create a killer business, you need a killer business plan. A compelling business plan not only piques the interest of investors, but it’s also a must-have tool for understanding the nuts and bolts of how your company will get from point A to point B. Your plan will give you a bird’s eye view of how your business may perform in the marketplace, how many team members you’ll need, your must-have supplies and how much you’ll need to spend on fundraising and advertising.

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credits : Nanowerk


(Nanowerk News) New software lets users design science-fiction-like materials with the same efficiency that architects draft building plans.
Sandia National Laboratories has created the first inverse-design software for optical metamaterials — meaning users start by describing the result they want, and the software fills in the steps to get there. The modern design approach takes guesswork out of engineering as-yet theoretical technologies like ultracompact, high-performance cameras and cloaking armor that could make wearers invisible to detection.
Sandia uses the design aid, called Mirage, in its research and development programs and released a test version to select collaborators last year. Now, researchers working on government metamaterial projects can request a license at no cost.
Man-made, optical metamaterials have been touted for more than a decade for their ability to manipulate light in extraordinary ways. In theory, satellite imaging and interstellar telescopes could be dramatically smaller with metamaterial lenses one hundred times thinner than conventional ones. Or, the technology could someday lead to cloaking materials that deflect light around them, rendering objects impossible to see.
Mirage simplifies and automates the design process for materials that would be necessary for those technologies.
Mirage takes guesswork out of design
The field of optical metamaterials has so far struggled to deliver on all its perceived promise of revolutionizing optics. One difficulty for engineers has been that metamaterials are made of tiny building blocks, called meta-atoms, which can be designed in countless variations. A certain shape, collectively, might bend light. Change that shape, the size, the spacing or the material and that might amplify the effect or diminish it or cause something entirely different to happen, like twist the light one direction or another or change its intensity or color.
“Predicting what the bulk ‘homogenized’ properties will be has been very hard to determine until now,” said Mike Fiddy, a program manager in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, which funded the software’s development.
Other software can simulate what meta-atoms will do to light, but that only allows researchers to use intuition to experiment with different designs until they stumble upon or tediously work out the behavior they want.
Despite the challenge, some researchers have had success creating imaginative metamaterial devices. Sandia invented a device that converts heat to electricity, potentially for more fuel-efficient engines, and a light-mixing technology that could lead to a new, changeable, multicolored light source, which could accelerate all kinds of research from archeology to biomedicine.
But on the whole, said Sandia scientist Ihab El-Kady, the metamaterial enterprise has needed a boost.
“We cannot possibly solve this problem by trial and error,” said El-Kady, who conceived Mirage. “Instead, we could do the opposite. We could say: ‘Here is the behavior I want. Now tell me what the metamaterial looks like.’”
No tool used this inverse-design approach. So, El-Kady and his team at Sandia’s National Security Photonics Center built one.
User-friendly instructions to exploit 100-plus templates
Mirage lets users start by telling it the optical property they want — how their metamaterial needs to interact with light — and their starting materials. Mirage generates designs that match those criteria from a library of more than 100 templates. Or, users can draw their own designs, and the program will check them for errors.
“A more systematic approach for designing metamaterials should greatly accelerate their adoption in various application areas,” eliminating more commonly used, intuition-based approaches, Fiddy said.
DARPA featured Mirage as a premier technology at the agency’s 60th Anniversary Symposium in Fort Washington, Maryland, showcasing its far-reaching uses.
“Mirage is an all-in-one tool,” El-Kady said. “Not only does it tell you what the metamaterial looks like, it allows you to explore various configurations, simulate the system, validate the chosen behavior, visualize its response and optimize its functionality within your fabrication constraints.”
Software refines powerful ideas
On top of that, said Sandia senior scientist Igal Brener, who uses the software in his metamaterial research, Mirage is useful because it includes algorithms that help researchers get the best performance from their inventions.
Brener’s team previously created a material that can mix two lasers to produce 11 colors at once, including infrared and ultraviolet light. Potentially, this technology could be developed into tunable lasers that replace single-color ones.
But some of those colors are too dim to be useful, so he’s exploring ways to brighten the output. Other software packages Brener has used include simple optimization algorithms. However, to use more advanced algorithms he must supplement those packages with his own coding. Not so with Mirage.
“Optimization techniques come in many different flavors,” he said. “Mirage is the only software package I know of that has the complex optimization techniques I need built in.”
If the initial launch is successful, Sandia plans to develop a second version of Mirage, tentatively called Mirage Elite, that would introduce a surge forward in optimization by automatically morphing meta-atoms into bizarre and outlandish shapes in the hunt for undiscovered behaviors.

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